Conservation genomics and ancient DNA: understanding and conserving biodiversity in the Anthropocene

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​Genetic diversity provides the raw material necessary for species to adapt to changing conditions, which unfolds over millions of years as populations accumulate variation. However, especially in the Anthropocene, the rate of genetic loss often far exceeds the rate at which diversity can be generated, posing significant challenges for biodiversity conservation. DNA is a powerful resource for unraveling ecological and evolutionary processes, revealing patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, and adaptation that are critical for understanding and addressing these challenges. Conservation genomics harnesses these insights to develop strategies that mitigate biodiversity loss, while ancient DNA offers historical context to better understand evolutionary processes and extant diversity. By integrating these approaches, we can uncover how past and present dynamics shape species’ resilience and apply this knowledge to conservation efforts. In this talk, I will discuss the challenges of working with ancient DNA and explore examples of both from my research, highlighting how conservation genomics and ancient DNA together provide complementary perspectives to address conservation challenges.